links, references and resources
CONTENTS
1) Definitions of sexual assault and crimes of sexual violence
2) Sexual assault statistics
3) CASA dental survey
4) Selection of parallels between dental appointments and sexual assault
5) Selection of valuable videos, books and papers about trauma
6) Touch and body centred modalities specifically developed for trauma
7) The trauma informed approach
8) Empathy and compassion
9) Dental fear and anxiety
10) Responding to a disclosure of a history of sexual assault
11) Key organisations for further support and counselling
12) Resources to use with patients: practical strategies
13) Other useful resources
VIDEO LECTURE ONE
1) DEFINITIONS OF SEXUAL ASSAULT AND CRIMES OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE
Legal definitions of crimes of sexual violence including sexual assault:
https://www.legalaid.vic.gov.au/find-legal-answers/sex-and-law/sexual-assault
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CASA definitions:
https://www.secasa.com.au/assets/Documents/what-is-sexual-assault-.pdf
https://www.secasa.com.au/assets/Documents/legal-definitions-of-rape-and-indecent-assault.pdf
https://www.secasa.com.au/assets/Documents/what-are-the-myths-and-facts-about-sexual-assault-.pdf
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Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) definitions: http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/4906.0Glossary12016
2) SEXUAL ASSAULT STATISTICS
-Australia’s National Research Organisation for Women’s Safety. (2018). Violence against women: Accurate use of key statistics (ANROWS Insights 05/2018). Sydney, NSW: ANROWS.
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-The most recent Australian study: Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2017). Personal safety, Australia, 2016. Canberra, ACT:
http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/4906.0
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-The WHO statistic quoted in video lecture 1:
http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/violence/9789241564625/en/
http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/85241/1/WHO_RHR_HRP_13.06_eng.pdf?ua=1
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-CASA fact sheets with statistics:
http://www.casa.org.au/casa_pdf.php?document=statistics
https://www.casa.org.au//assets/Documents/statistics-4.pdf
https://www.secasa.com.au/assets/Documents/sexual-assault-statistics.pdf
https://www.secasa.com.au/assets/Documents/facts-about-sexual-assault.pdf
https://www.secasa.com.au/assets/Documents/sheet-1-definitions-prevalence-and-statistics.pdf
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https://aifs.gov.au/publications/adult-victimsurvivors-childhood-sexual-assault
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http://www.police.vic.gov.au/content.asp?Document_ID=43367
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-Fergusson, D.M. & Mullen, P.E., “Childhood sexual abuse: An evidence-based perspective,” Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications, 1999. Authors and Affiliations: David M. Fergusson, Christchurch School of Medicine, New Zealand, Paul E. Mullen, Director, Victorian Institute of Forensic Mental Health, Australia
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-This is the Canadian study I mentioned in the first video. It is called ‘Women Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse: Knowledge and Preparation of Health Care Providers to Meet Client Needs.’ It is very comprehensive and worthwhile reading:
http://www.pwhce.ca/pdf/abuse.pdf
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-Revictimisation statistics I quoted in video lecture 1 are from the following paper: http://www.aic.gov.au/media_library/publications/rpp/56/rpp056.pdf
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-Also check out the information on the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) and Australian Institute of Family Studies (AIFS) websites.
3) CASA DENTAL SURVEY
-2018 CASA survey data, report and analysis:
https://www.secasa.com.au/assets/Documents/casa-dental-survey-report-2018.pdf
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-A separate study was conducted in 2007 by Allison Payet at RMIT on the impact of sexual assault on oral health and dental experiences. Here is her detailed report and analysis:
4) SELECTION OF PARALLELS BETWEEN DENTAL APPOINTMENTS AND SEXUAL ASSAULT
Focus on sexual organ; the mouth
Penetration (hands, fingers, instruments etc)
Mouth filled up
Being/feeling unable to speak
Staying open for a long time
Being immobilised
Feeling powerless and vulnerable
Unpredictability
Feeling under someone else’s control; they can do anything they want to you
Infliction of pain
Horizontal body position
Close proximity of faces, bodies
Smell of latex
Fear of being judged/ criticised
Dissociate during the experience, especially regarding GA
5) SELECTION OF VALUABLE VIDEOS, BOOKS AND PAPERS ABOUT TRAUMA
The Treatment of Trauma: How Childhood Trauma is Different from PTSD Dr. Bessel van der Kolk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UxPAt-Esv8Q&t=31s
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The paradox of trauma-informed care | Vicky Kelly | TEDx Wilmington
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jFdn9479U3s&t=67s
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How to Help Trauma Patients Feel Safe
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-eQ64ctFUUk
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Babette Rothschild: 8 Keys to Safe Trauma Recovery
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QQz5yVkBm5w&list=PLkcU4RHvdYJuSAE9cJkGChuZbaYErvZLt
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The Body Keeps the Score: Brain, Mind, and Body in the Healing of Trauma Dr. Bessel van der Kolk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=53RX2ESIqsM&t=798s
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Peter Levine’s Secret to Releasing Trauma from the Body
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s1RnTipiU_Q
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Bessel van der Kolk – how to detoxify the body from trauma
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GWEjnGsLN-0
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The effect of trauma on the brain and how it affects behaviours | John Rigg | TEDx Augusta
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m9Pg4K1ZKws&t=10s
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Three Ways Trauma Can Change the Brain; Bessel van der Kolk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6sZFq2K363A
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Understanding Trauma: How Stress and Trauma Cause Chronic Pain, Anxiety, Depression, & PTSD
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=byQBP7fq5vQ
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The Blue knot foundation videos on working with trauma survivors for health professionals:
https://www.blueknot.org.au/Resources/Videos/Health-Professionals
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=531ZPTvt9P0&t=271s
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The body keeps the score: book by Bessel Van Der Kolk:
https://www.angusrobertson.com.au/books/the-body-keeps-the-score-bessel-van-der-kolk/p/9780143127741
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Interesting paper by M. Zachary Rosenthal and his team: ‘Chronic Avoidance Helps Explain the Relationship Between Severity of Childhood Sexual Abuse and Psychological Distress in Adulthood’
https://contextualscience.org/system/files/Rosenthal,2005.pdf
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The Australian Childhood Foundation has developed its own models of trauma informed therapeutic services and out of home care programs as discussed in this article on this valuable website:
http://www.childhood.org.au/for-professionals/our-trauma-informed-principles
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Watch anything by the following trauma experts:
1) Bessel Van Der Kolk
2) Babette Rothschild
3) Peter Levine
6) TOUCH AND BODY CENTRED MODALITIES SPECIFICALLY DEVELOPED FOR TRAUMA
-Somatic experiencing (SE) therapy: see Peter Levine’s work
http://www.seaustralia.com.au/what-is-somatic-experiencing/
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-Sensorimotor psychotherapy: see Pat Ogden’s work
https://www.sensorimotorpsychotherapy.org/home/index.html
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VIDEO LECTURE TWO
7) THE TRAUMA INFORMED APPROACH
-Practice Guidelines for Treatment of Complex Trauma and Trauma Informed Care and Service Delivery. This is where I found the quote by Professor Warwick Middelton. Although long and dense I found this extremely valuable:
https://www.blueknot.org.au/ABOUT-US/Our-Documents/Publications/Practice-Guidelines
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-The mental health coordinating council website is also useful. It contains trauma informed tools and information:
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-Excellent book by Australian anaesthetist Dr Robin Youngson: ‘Time to Care’ Dr Robin Youngson Rebelheart publishers 2012
https://www.time-to-care.com/
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-Evidence for trauma informed care: Harvard study I quoted in video 2: This confirms a reduction in the length of hospital stays postoperatively and other benefits using a trauma informed approach:
Egbert LD, BattitGE, Welch CE, Bartlett MK. Reduction of Postoperative Pain by Encouragement and Instruction of Patients. A Study of Doctor‐Patient Rapport. The New England Journal of Medicine. 1964; 270:825
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-Evidence confirming improved surgical outcomes with wound healing and infection using the trauma informed approach:
Gouin, J.P. And J.K. Kiecolt-Glaser, The impact of psychological stress on wound healing: methods and mechanisms. Immunology and allergy clinics of North America, 2011. 21(1): p81-93
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-Evidence showing the trauma informed approach lowers rates of recurrence of cancer:
Godbout, J.P. and R. Glaser, Stress induced immune dysregulation: implications for wound healing, infectious disease and cancer. Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology:2006. 1(4): p. 421-7
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-Evidence showing that doctors who make the strongest emotional connections with patients have the lowest risk of burnout:
Kransner, MS et al, JAMA: Association of an educational program in mindful communication with burnout, empathy and attitudes among primary care physicians. The journal of the American medical association, 2009. 302(12) p.1284-1293
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-Evidence showing that perception of physician empathy strongly predicts patient satisfaction, trust and rates of compliance:
Hojat, M et al., Patient perceptions of physician empathy, satisfaction with physician, interpersonal trust and compliance J Med Educ,2010. 1: p83-87
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-‘Principles of trauma-informed approaches to child sexual abuse’. A valuable discussion paper commissioned by the Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse:
https://aifs.gov.au/publications/principles-trauma-informed-approaches-child-sexual-abuse
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-Very well written and moving article on treating survivors in an oncology context and the trauma informed approach:
http://nautil.us/blog/when-cancer-treatment-re_traumatizes-survivors-of-sexual-trauma
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8) EMPATHY AND COMPASSION
-Brene Brown TED talk: The Power of vulnerability:
https://www.ted.com/talks/brene_brown_on_vulnerability
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-TED video on empathy:
https://ed.ted.com/on/HGj9kQ5z#review
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-On empathy, compassion and boundaries:
https://www.facebook.com/theworkofthepeople/videos/10153967066765682
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-Paul Gilbert on compassion:
https://www.compassionatemind.org.au/
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-Empathy and compassion in society:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b3JDokddPts
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9) DENTAL FEAR AND ANXIETY
-Useful website:
http://www.dentalfearcentral.org/fears/abuse-survivors/
http://www.dentalfearcentral.org/help/psychology/
See other sections of the above website as well
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-This is the original book by Gerry Kent that I quoted in Video 2:
Kent G (1997). Davey, Graham, ed. Phobias: a handbook of theory, research and treatment. New York: Wiley. pp. 107–27. ISBN 0-471-96983-4.
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-Here is the original study by Moore et al from 2004 that I quoted in Video 2: ‘The contribution of embarrassment to phobic dental anxiety: a qualitative research study’:
https://bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-244X-4-10
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-Dental fear in abuse survivors:
This article was written by a survivor of childhood sexual abuse who wishes to remain anonymous. It offers many strategies for survivors and dentists.
http://www.dentalfearcentral.org/media/abuse_survivors.pdf
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10) RESPONDING TO A DISCLOSURE OF A HISTORY OF SEXUAL ASSAULT
-CASA information:
http://www.secasa.com.au/pages/what-to-do-if-a-child-discloses-to-you/important-things-to-remember/
There is more information on the SECASA website.
11) KEY ORGANISATIONS FOR FURTHER SUPPORT AND COUNSELLING
✏ NATIONAL SERVICES
Sexual Assault & Domestic Violence National Help Line:
1800 Respect (1800 737 732) 24h 7 days a week
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– ‘Australian human rights commission’ website lists all Australian sexual assault and mental health services:
https://www.humanrights.gov.au/list-sexual-assault-services
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– ‘Reachout’ is geared to teenagers with a small straightforward list of contacts for each state and territory:
https://au.reachout.com/articles/sexual-assault-support
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– ‘Rape and domestic violence services Australia’ has a very comprehensive listing of Australian rape and domestic violence services and a click map which will be easier for phone users:
http://www.rape-dvservices.org.au/Get-Help/Local-Support-Services
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-Mental health support services
Lifeline—13 11 14
24-hour crisis support and suicide prevention.
beyondblue—1300 224 636
Mental health support.
Suicide Call Back Service—1300 659 467.
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-Australian Dental Association services:
Optum counselling service: 1300361008
HR Advisory service for industry issues: 1300232462
Community relations officers for dispute assistance: (E.g.: Victoria: phone 88254600)
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✏ STATE SERVICES
VICTORIA
CASA:
-CASA Crisis lines: all operate 24 hours 7 days a week:
1) Sexual Assault Crisis Line (SACL): Crisis Line: 1800 806 292 (free call)
2) Casa House Counselling & Support Line: (03) 9635 3610
3) SECASA Crisis line: (03) 9594 2289
-CASA Forum: www.casa.org.au
-Victorian centres against sexual assault:
✏ Metropolitan CASA’s
CASA House
Level 3, 210 Lonsdale Street
Melbourne, 3000
Phone: 9635 3600
Email: casa@thewomens.org.au
Website: www.casahouse.com.au
Eastern CASA
17 Ware Crescent
Ringwood East, 3135
Phone: 9870 7310
Email: ecasa@easternhealth.org.au
Website: https://www.easternhealth.org.au/services/item/174-eastern-centre-against-sexual-assault-ecasa
Gatehouse Centre
Royal Children’s Hospital, Flemington Road
Parkville, 3052
Phone: 9345 6391
Email: gatehouse.centre@rch.org.au
Website: www.rch.org.au/gatehouse
Northern CASA
Building 26, Heidelberg Repatriation Hospital, 300 Waterdale Road
Heidelberg West, 3081
Postal address: PO Box 5444, Heidelberg West, 3081
Phone: 9496 2240
Email: ncasa@austin.org.au
Website: www.austin.org.au/northerncasa
South Eastern CASA
11 Chester Street
East Bentleigh, 3165
Postal address: PO Box 72, East Bentleigh, 3145
Phone: 9928 8741
Email: secasa@monashhealth.org
Website: www.secasa.com.au
West CASA
236-240 Hoppers Lane
Werribee, 3030
Phone: 9216 0411
Email: info@westcasa.org.au
Website: westcasa.org.au
✏ Rural CASA’s
Ballarat CASA
Ballarat Health Services, Sebastopol Complex, Corner Vale and Edward Street
Sebastopol, 3356
Phone: 5320 3933
Email: casa@bhs.org.au
Website: www.casa.org.au/ballarat
Centre Against Violence (Ovens Murray District)
29 Templeton Street
Wangaratta, 3677
Phone: 5722 2203
Email: admin@cav.org.au
Website: centreagainstviolence.org.au
Gippsland CASA
31-41 Buckley Street
Morwell, 3840
Postal address: PO Box 1124 Morwell, 3840
Phone: 5134 3922
Email: mail@gippscasa.org
Website: www.gcasa.org.au
Goulburn Valley CASA
130 Nixon Street
Shepparton, 3630
Postal address: PO Box 1453 Shepparton, 3630
Phone: 5831 2343
Email: gvcasa@gvhealth.org.au
Website: www.gvcasa.com.au
Loddon Campaspe CASA
71 Bridge Street
Bendigo, 3550
Postal address: PO Box 764 Bendigo 3552
Phone: 5441 0430
Fax: 5444 6713
Email: lccasa@lccasa.org.au
Website: www.lccasa.org.au
Mallee Sexual Assault Unit
Suite 1, 144-146, Lime Avenue
Mildura, 3500
Postal address: PO Box 1373 Mildura 3500
Phone: 5025 5400
Email: info@msau-mdvs.org.au
Website: www.msau-mdvs.org.au
South Western CASA
279 Koroit Street
Warnambool, 3280
Postal address: C/- South West Healthcare, Ryot Street, Warnambool, 3280
Phone: 5564 4144
Email: casa@swh.net.au
Website: www.swcasa.org.au
The Sexual Assault & Family Violence Centre
Level 1, 59-63 Spring Street
Geelong West, 3218
Phone: 5222 4318
Email: admin@safvcentre.org.au
Website: www.safvcentre.org.au
The Sexual Assault & Family Violence Centre – Wimmera
25 Roberts Avenue
Horsham, 3400
Phone: 5381 1211
Email: wimmera@safvcentre.org.au
Website: www.safvcentre.org.au
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Bravehearts Victoria
1800 272 831 or
Shepparton Education Team: (03) 5831 2797 or Fax (03) 5831 1996
www.bravehearts.org.au
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-Blue Knot Foundation
-Blue Knot helpline: 1300 657 380
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-Drummond St Services:
Phone: 96636733
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–DHHS: Department of Health and Human Services: Victorian government
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ACT
Canberra Sexual Health Centre
(02) 6244 2184
www.health.act.gov.au/sexualhealth
Service Assisting Male Survivors of Sexual Assault (SAMSSA)
(02) 6287 3935
Canberra Rape Crisis Centre
Crisis Line: (02) 6247 2525
Ph: (02) 6247 8071
Fax: (02) 6247 2536
Email: crcc@rapecrisis.org.au
www.crcc.org.au
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NEW SOUTH WALES
NSW Rape Crisis Centre
(02) 9819 6565 or 1800 424 017 (outside Sydney)
www.nswrapecrisis.com.au
Domestic Violence Line
Department of Community Services
1800 656 463 (24 hours)
Bravehearts NSW
(02) 9810 5898
www.bravehearts.org.au
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NORTHERN TERRITORY
NT crisis line: 1800 019 116
Sexual Assault Referral Services (SARC)
Alice Springs: (08) 8955 4500
Darwin: (08) 8922 6472
Katherine: (08) 8973 8524
Tennant Creek: (08) 8962 4100
www.health.nt.gov.au/Sexual_Assault_Services/index.aspx
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QUEENSLAND
Brisbane Rape & Incest Survivors Support Centre
(07) 3391 0004
www.brissc.org.au
Bravehearts
1800 Brave 1 (1800 272 831)
Ph: (07) 5552 3000
Fax: (07) 5552 3088
www.bravehearts.org.au
Sexual Assault Help Line
1800 010 120
www.health.qld.gov.au/sexualassault
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SOUTH AUSTRALIA
Yarrow Place Rape & Sexual Assault Service
Freecall 1800 817 421
Ph: (08) 8226 8777
After hours and emergency: Ph: (08) 8226 8787
www.yarrowplace.sa.gov.au
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TASMANIA
Laurel House Launceston
Ph: (03) 6334 2740
Ph (After hours): 1800 697 877
www.laurelhouse.org.au
Laurel House North West
Ph: (03) 6431 9711
Ph (After hours): 1800 697 877
http://www.laurelhouse.org.au
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WESTERN AUSTRALIA
Sexual Assault Resource Centre (SARC)
Crisis 24 hour (08) 6458 1828
Country areas (free call) 1800 199 888
Ph: (08) 6458 1820 (office)
Fax: (08) 9381 5426
http://www.kemh.health.wa.gov.au/Our-services/Statewide-Services/SARC
Waratah Support Centre (Bunbury)
Phone: (08) 9791 2884
Freecall: 1800 017 303
Fax: (08) 9721 3102
http://www.waratah.asn.au
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VIDEO LECTURE 3
12) RESOURCES TO USE WITH PATIENTS: PRACTICAL STRATEGIES
-Link to fact sheets on many topics for the waiting room/to offer patients:
https://www.secasa.com.au/information-sheets/
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-Playing with this fidget widget toy has been very helpful to patients during procedures:
https://fidgetwidgets.co/collections/cube
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-Evidence confirming the ability of music to reduce pain:
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0107390
This study looked at 5000 dental patients:
Gardner WJ, Licklider JC, Weisz AZ (1960) Suppression of pain by sound. Science 132: 32–33.
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-Devices like these have been very valuable for survivor patients who can’t/wont floss:
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-Useful book full of dental analogies to aid communication with patients:
Dental Analogies: 3rd Ed. Rick Waters; Bill Powell
A Collection of Descriptive Dental Analogies Based on Ideas from Practicing Dentists
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-Very useful for observing both our patients and ourselves: Babette Rothschild’s chart showing detail of autonomic responses from calm to extreme stress:
http://www.somatictraumatherapy.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/ANS2.jpg
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-Excellent resource for vicarious trauma; article called “feeling heavy”
https://aifs.gov.au/publications/feeling-heavy/what-vicarious-trauma
13) OTHER USEFUL RESOURCES
-Excellent article by Sohaila Abdulali
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-Book called ‘What we talk about when we talk about rape’ by Sohaila Abdulali. I am interviewed in Chapter 13:
https://www.thebookseller.com/news/game-changing-book-sexual-assault-myriad-638751
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-Australian dental association’s ‘Rebuilding Smiles’ volunteer program
http://www.adhf.org.au/rebuilding-smiles-time-to-smile-again/
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-Canadian website with great information for primary care providers working with survivors about triggers, communication strategies including managing disclosures, many resources for patients and more.
http://www.csacliniciansguide.net/index.html
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-Great video explaining consent using tea as a metaphor: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oQbei5JGiT8
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-Further information about the white ribbon campaign:
https://www.whiteribbon.org.au/
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